Donald A. Mackenzie claims in his book Myths of Babylonia And Assyria (1915, project Gutenberg, Chapter XIII- Astrology and Astronomy, Table XIII.1 that our signs are derived from ancient Babylonia:
Constellation Aries
Babylonian Equivalent: The Laborer or Messenger
Constellation Taurus
Babylonian Equivalent: A divine figure and the "bull of heaven"
Constellation Gemini
Babylonian Equivalent:
The Faithful Shepherd and Twins side by side, or head to head and feet to feet
Constellation Cancer
Babylonian Equivalent: Crab or Scorpion
Constellation Leo
Babylonian Equivalent: The big dog Lion
Constellation Virgo
Babylonian Equivalent: Ishtar, the Virgin's ear of corn
Constellation Libra
Babylonian Equivalent: The Balance
Constellation Scorpio
Babylonian Equivalent: Scorpion of darkness
Constellation Sagittarius
Babylonian Equivalent:
Man or man-horse with bow, or an arrow symbol
Constellation Capricorn
Babylonian Equivalent: Ea's goat-fish
Constellation Aquarius
Babylonian Equivalent: God with water urn
Constellation Pisces
Babylonian Equivalent: Fish tails in canal
In addition Donald A. Mackenzie wrote that according to the Babylonian Creation Legend (British Museum “The Seven Tablets Of Creation" from the Library of Ashur-bani-pal at Nineveh) Merodach fixed three stars for each month of the Zodiac… Mr. Brown, junior, calculated that the signs of the Zodiac were fixed in the year 2084 B.C.E (Primitive Constellations, 1899, vol. 2, pp. 147)
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